Gas-turbine.



. L. SLAWTER.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLICATION man MAY21,1916.

Patented Oct. 2; 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

WIr/mis.'

/1 TORNEYS L. SLAWTER.

@As TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 27 1916.

Patented Oct. 2,1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I. L. SLAWTEH.

` GAS TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY 27, 1916.

Patented Oct. 2, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 IRA LEON SLAWTER, OF GRANDE `PRAIRIE, ALBERTA, CANADA, ASSIGNOR F ONE- THIRD T0 EDWARD ROGERS, OIF BELLINGHAM, WASHINGTON, AND ONE-THIRD T0 EARL SLAW'IER, .OF GRANDE PRAIRIE, ALBERTA, CANADA. L

GAs-TURBINE.

' Gras-'Turbines'` of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in that class of internal combustion engines, known as gas turbines of the circulating type and it consists in the construction, com- 1 bination and arrangements herein described and claimed.

An object of my invention is to provide an engine embodying a'turbine unit and a motive fluid generator therefor which includes a working piston adapted to be projected by explosive force to compress air ahead of it,

the subsequently combined compressed air and exploded gases being directed against the vanes of the turbine rotor.

Another object of the invention is to provide an automatic fuel feeding mechanism for the motive Huid generator whereby the actionof its piston is maintained independ-v ently of manual attention.

Other objects and advantages will appear from the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application and in which Figure l is a diagrammatic view, the motive fluid generator being shown in section and the turbine in plan.

Fig. 2 is a detail view of the automatic lfluid vgenerator fuel feeding mechanism.

Fig. 3 is a section of the turbine, parts being shown in elevation.

Fig. 4 is a cross section of the turbine on the line 4--4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a section of the turbine showing more particularly the port band and the adjusting devices therefor.

Fig. 6 is a detail view of a part of the turbine showing the vanes and escape ports.

Fig. 7 is a detail view of the port band adjusting device, the parts being in a differ- 'ent position from that shown in Fig. 5.

Attention is directed more particularly to Fig. lV of the drawings in which the motive fluid generator is indicated generally by l Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented oet. a, reir.

Application tiled May 27, 1916\ Serial N o. 100,418.

Vder 3 which is water acketed as at 4. The

water acket is useful in absorbing excessive heat from the cylinder wallsbut may be disl pensed with in some instances. AThe heat of the water may be utilized in a mannerto be explained.

Disposed within the cylinder 3 at one end is a cushion piston 5 which normally covers the relatively cool air outlet ports' of the cylinder 3. vThe piston 5 is normally heldl in the position shown in Fig. 1, by a pluralityv of cushion springs 7 which are arranged between the back of the piston and stirrups 8. v

The stirrups 8 are provided with threaded studs and adjusting nuts by which the stirrups 8 may be moved inwardly or outwardly at will and thereby adjust the tension of the springs 7.

The piston 5 acts as a partition forming an air chamber 9 of relatively small dimensions at the back and another air chamber 10 of relatively large dimensions, at the front. `Movable within the chamber 10 is a projectile or working piston 11 which is head of the piston 11 and the front of the cylinder 3, as shown in Fig. l. When an explosion occurs in the chamber l2, the piston 11 is violently projected rearwardly toward the cushion piston 5, the air in they chamber 10 undergoing compression in the j transit.

As the piston 11 is projected under an explosive impulse the air compression within the {chamber 10 forces the piston 5 rear- -wardly vand compresses the air contained within the chamber 9, and by reason of the peculiarcoperative arrangementjof the chambers 9 and 10, the pistons-5 and 11, and the cushion springs 7 that are interposed between! the pistons 5 and the solid head or end of the chamber 9, the impact of the Icushioning means for the said piston 11.

Air is led through a pipe v14, in the delivery end of which is located a control valve 13 which, when the feed fluid pressure is up to the desired point, opens against th action of a closing spring. Y.

Compressed air is charged into the pipe 14 under suitable air compressing means.-

ln the drawing, l have indicated a combined compressor and pump which, for example, may be the type of compressor known as the New York air pump which, in practice, is of a duplex character, the upper portion, with which the pipe 14 connects, acting as an air compressor, while the lower portion, which connects with the turbine casing 55, acts as a pump for exhausting the gases fromy the said casing as hereinafter again referred to.. j

The operation of the Huid generator 1` as described thus far`is as follows: Let it be assumed that the working piston 11 has been driven forwardly as just stated by the force of the compressed air entering the chamber 10 through the valve 16. The forward transit of the piston 11 compressed a charge of combined air and gasolene or other liquid fuel vapor which had been i11- jected into the chamber 12 through a valve 17 of the mixing tube 18.

When the limit of the compression of the charge is reached, the charge is exploded. by a specially devised spark plug 19. The working piston is thereupon impelled rearwardly and the air in the chamber 10 which is under initial compression, is further compressed. rlhe valve 16 is closed at this time and the cushion piston 5 is forced rearwardly, in turn compressing the air in the chamber 9.

The piston 5 will continue rearwardly by the force of the compressed air ahead of the working piston 11, until the ports 6 are uncovered. The compressed air thereupon rushes into the connected pipes 20 which merge with` the conduit 21 of the turbine 2. Arranged at a suitable place' near the front of the cylinder 3, is an exhaust port 22 which is provided with a pipe 23 leading to the conduit 21. As soon as the piston 1l uncovers the port 22, when traveling its rearward stroke as just explained, the gases of the combustion of the exploded charge will exhaust through the port 22 and enter the conduit 21 at a great velocity. Theexhaust gases are led through the conduit 21 into the turbine casing where they strike the vanes of the rotor and undergo further expansion. The stream of compressed air flowing toward the conduit 21 through the pipes 20 and around the pipe 23, acts as a siphon on the residue of maant? the gases in the chamberv 12 and serves to thoroughly scavengc -it preparatory to the reception of a fresh charge.

The' air compressed in the chamber 10 having now exhausted through the ports 6, the working piston 11 will immediately be driven forwardly again. This 'is accomplished by the air compressed in the chamber 9. The combined action of the compressed air in the chamber 9 and the springs 7 drives the piston 5 forwardly until the ports 6 are again covered. rl`he valve 16 then opens and the piston 11 is impelled forwardly when the air in the chamber 9,

which is initially under greater pressure than that in the` pipe 14, has exhausted through the valve 16, the valve 13 will then open and the chamber 10 will be filled.

At the time the piston 11 starts forwardly, the fuel Valve 17 will open and a charge of gaseous fuel will be injected into the chamber 12. rlhis gaseous fuel enters the chamber 12 under compression and the valve 17 will thereforeremain open during a considerable portion of the stroke of the piston 11 before the increasing pressure will cause it to close. lThe increasing force of the compression of the gas in the chamber 12 acts on the automatic spark plug 19 and a spark is produced which explodes the compressed charge. ton 11 is then repeated.

The automatic spark plug consists of a porcelain or other insulating material body 19 which is slidabl in a suitable recess in the head of the cylinder 3. The plug 19 has a shoulder against which-a spring 24 presses and holds the electrodes 2 5 normally out of range. The spark plug 19 has a terminal 26 which coperates with a fixed terminal 27.

Suitable battery connections are provided but are not shown in the drawings. The in` creasing pressure in the chamber 12 acts on the lhead of the plug 19 yforcing it .out against the tension of the spring 24. When the terminals 26 and 27 engage, the primary circuit is closed and a spark occurs between the electrodes 25 causing the explosion of the compressed charge in the cylinder 12.

The'fuel feeding mechanism consists of a mixing tube 18 which, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, 4connects with the compressed air pipe 14 from which air under pressure is obtained for the purposes of creating the gaseous mixture for the chamber 12.. rlhe air is admitted to the tube 18 through the reducingA valve 28 which may be regulated to admit the air in various amounts. To this end, an adjustable stud 29'is arranged to coact with the stem of the valve 28. When the stud 29 is lowered, the valve 28 can open only a small distance and vice versa. A sprlng 30 tends to keep the valve 28 normally closed. a

A needle valve 31 is arranged in the mixe The action of the pis'-` ing tube 18, the valve piece being supported by a leaf spring 32 which also normally holds the valve piece from the valve seat. The valve 31 communicates with a gasolene chest 33 which is supplied with gasolene from a'reservoir 34 by a pipe 35. The gasoolene may be conducted to the chest 33 by gravity but I provide a pressure pipe 36 which-communicates with the tube 18 and the reservoir 34 to lead, a part of the pressure in the tube, into the reservoir to force the gasolene into the chest 33.

A cylinder 37 adjoins the gasolene chest 33 and a pipe connection 38 conducts some of the gasolene into the cylinder 37 when the piston 39 in the cylinder 37 moves forwardly and performs a suction stroke. rlhe Iquantity of gasolene thus drawn into the cylinder 37 is variable since the stroke of the piston 39 is variable. A back check valve 40 in the pipe 38 revents the gasolene in the cylinder 37 from being forced back into the gasolene chest 33.

The rod 41 of the piston 39 extends through the chest 33 and is connected at its end to one arm 42 of a bell crank which is fulcrumed at 43 to an extension of a supportingl bracket 44. The arm 45 of the bell crank is connected to the governor rod 46. The piston rod 41 is provided with a wedge 47 which engages the valve piece of the needle valve 31, as shown in Fig. 2. The wedge 47 holds the needle valve 31open to a greater or lesser degree. The mixing tube 18 is provided with a gate valve 48 while pressure regulating valves 49 are provided in the pipe 50 which communicates with the chamber 12 and the cylinder 37.

The operation of the fuel feeding device as just describe," is as follows: The balls 51 of the governoriare rotated by suitable gears 52 from Ya #moving part of the machine. Under normal conditions of operation, the parts will be positioned substantially as shown in Fig. 2. 1f for any reason the working piston 11 should be thrown with insuiicient force for the proper operation of the turbine 2, the insutiiciency will be denoted by a lessening of the speed of rotation of the governor balls 51. They will consequently drop a proportional distance and since the lower pivots 53 are relatively ixed, the upper pivots 54 will be caused to move upwardly. The governor rod 46 is thereupon'moved upwardly and the corresponding action on the bell crank will move the piston 39 rearwardly and,inject a small quantity, of gasolene into the chamber 12, thus enrichening the explosive mixture.

The rearward movement of the piston 39 also causes the wedge 47 to recede from the valve piece 31 and cause the needle valve to open a corresponding distance. The explosive charge is thus also enriched in the mixing tube 18 and the combined eect is to increase the violence of the explosion in the cylinder 12 and bring the operation of the turbine to the desired degree of efficiency.

The governor balls 51 will i'ly outwardly again with the increase in speed of the turbine and act oppositely on the bell crank and piston 39. rlhe piston 39 in moving forwardly again, draws a quantity of gasolene into the cylinder 37 from the chest 33k moving the piston 39 back and forth by hand. This serves to pump a sucient quantity of gasolene into the chamber 12 to produce an explosive charge.

The gases from the cylinder 3 are directed into the casing 55 of the turbine 2 by either one of a pair of divergent ducts 56 which communicate with the conduit 21, as shown. A gate valve 57 is hingedly disposed at the juncture of the ducts 56 and pipe 21 so as to direct the gases into one or the other of the ducts. The rotation of the rotor of the turbine is dependent on the position o'f the valve 57. The valve 57 is actuated by a plunger 58 which'has a suitable connection with an actuating lever 59. A quadrant and tooth connections 60 holds the valve 57 to its adjustments.

The turbine casing 55 is shown spherical in the. present embodiment although it may vbe constructed in any other suitable form.

The casing 55 includes bearings 61. at diametrically opposite sides in which the rotor shaft 62 is journaled. Keyed to the shafty 62 is the rotor hub 63 which supports the rotor 64 by the means of the spokes 65. The hub 63 is provided with a series of notches 66 which are engaged by the detents 67 of shifting arms 68, the purpose of the arms 68 being presently explained.

The rotor 64 includes a base band which merges with the side walls of the rotor. The exterior portion of the rotor is formed with the same curvature as 'the spherical body 55 of the turbine and this part of the rotor runs very close to the body 55, as shown. The curved exterior portion ofthe rotor 64 is formed with a central annular opening 69 which is in constant communication with the openings of the ducts 56 to receive the gases from the cylinder 3. It will be seen that the rotor comprises annular pockets 70 at each side and these are fitted with vanes 71 and' 72 which when impacted by the gases, serve to impart rotation to the rotor.

series of exhaust ports 73 and 74 adjacent to each side wall, as shown. r1`he gases exhaust through one or the other of these series of ports into the casing 55. The ports are .governed by a po-rt band 75 which is supported by spokes on a sleeve 76. The sleeve 7 6 is slidably mounted on the hub 63 of the rotor. rIhe arms 68 are fulcrumed in the sleeve 76, as shown in Figs. 5 and 7 and the engagement ofthe detents 67 on the ends of the arms 68 with the registering notches 66 in the hub 63, holds the port band to whatever adjustment desired.

r1`he port band is adapted to cover one or the other of the series of ports 73, 74. rThe drawing shows the ports 73 closed by the port band 75 and, in this case, that portion of the gases which impacts the vanes 72 will be confined in the pocket by reason of the closure of the ports 73 and will be caused to make another circuit of the rotor, finally escaping by eddy action through the open ports 74C.

The port band 75 is shifted through the medium of a bell crank 17 of which one arm is connected to an operating rod 78 and the other arm engages a shifting collar 79. The collar 79 encircles the curved ends 8O of the arms 68 and normally rests in the trough of the curve, as shown in Fig. 5. 1n shifting the port band, the first action of the collar 79 is to engage one or the other side of the curved ends 80, depending on the direction in which it is desired to shift the band. The collar 79 thus depresses the ends of the arms 68 against the tension of leaf springs 81 raising the detents 67 from the notches 66. vrll`he continued movement of the collar 79 then causes the bodily displacement of the port band 75 until the desired ports 73 or 74 are closed. The band 75 is shifted in accordance with the shifting of the gate valve 58. rlhe pump 15 exhausts the gases from the chamber 55.

From the foregoing description, the operation of the device will be fully understood; it may, however, be desirable to point out the advantages more fully. ln some instances, the duplex pump 15 Vmay be dispensed with thus giving the engine great advantage asv a sub-marine engine. r1`he principle of the operation of the engine consists in combining the power of the velocity of the exploded charges in thelchamber 12 with the pressure of the compressed air in the chambers 9 and 10. rlhe comparatively cool air of the compression chambers 9 and 10 serves to absorb the heat from the metal parts of the cylinder and pistons and serves to increase the force of the air, the accumu lated forces being spent against the rotor 75.

A n important advantage lies in the automatic spark plug 19 in that the charge of vgaseous fuel in the chamber `12 is always compressed to a given degree regardless of Lefranc? l j specific embodiment of the invention, it 1s obvious that numerous modifications of the construction. may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention-or the scope of the claims.

Should compression 'fail in the chamber 12 ahead of the piston 11, a charge of compressed air and gas may be injected by the opening of the valve 28. This is accomplished by a light rod 82 which projects into the cylinder 3 a short distance, as shown in Fig. 2. When the piston 11 strikes the end of the rod 82, as it will do Y when there is no compressed charge ahead of the piston acting as a cushion to prevent the piston ordinarily from striking the rod, an eccentric 83 will be rotated on its pivot and lift the valve 28. While this arrangement just described may ordinarily be dispensed with, yet as a precautionary measure against failure of compression, it will. have its value.

What l claim is:

1. 1n a gas turbine; the combination of a rotor, a fluid generator cylinder having normally closed air and gas ports, a projectile piston in the cylinder between an explosion chamber at one side and an air compressor chamber at the other, a cushion piston forming a yielding partition in the compressor chamber, means for causing an explosion in the explosion chamber to project the projectile piston rearwardly compressing the air and opening the gas and air ports, and conduits directing the exploded. gases and compressed air against the rotor.

2. ln a gas turbine; the combination of a rotor, a Huid generator cylinder having air and gas ports, a projectile piston in the cylinder between an explosion chamber at one side and an air compressor chamber at *the other, the piston being adapted to cover the gas exhaust port, a cushion piston forming a yielding partition in the compressor chamber and adapted to close the air exhaust port,

means for causing an explosion .in the explosion chamber to project the projectile piston rearwardly, opening the gas port, compressgreater chamber. for the compressed air, a 13o projectile piston in the greater chamber,

means for causing an explosion at one side of the projectile piston to throw the pistn rearwardly to supercompress the air in the greater chamber displacing the cushion piston to open the air ports and supercompressing the air in the lesser chamber, and conduits directing the combined exploded gases and supercompressed air against the rotor. 10 4., In a .gas turbine; the combination of a rotor, a cylinder having a gas and air outlet port and an opening for compressed air, ducts from the outlet ports to the rotor, a cushion piston covering the air exhaust port and forming a lesser chamber` adjacent the' air inlet opening and a greater chamber at the other side, a projectile piston. in the greater chamber adapted to be projected toward the cushion piston simultaneously supercompressing the air in the greater and lesser chambers and displacing the cushion piston to relieve the pressure in the greater chamber, and a valve inthe cushion piston adapted thereupon to open and direct the supercompressed air in the lesser chamber against the projectile piston to perform the return stroke.

5. In a gas turbine; the combination of a rotor, a cylinder having a gas and air outlet port and an opening for compressed air, ducts from the outlet ports to the rotor, a cushion piston covering the air exhaust port and forming a lesser chamber adjacent the air inlet opening and a greater chamber at the other side, a projectile piston in the greater chamber adapted to be projected toward the cushion piston simultaneously supercompressing the air in the greater and lesser chambers and displacing the cushion piston to relieve the pressure in the greater chamber, a valve in the cushion piston adapted thereupon to open and direct the supercompressed air in the lesser chamber against the projectile piston to perform the return stroke, and means for forming and forcibly injecting a charge ahead of the advancing projectile piston for compression.

6. In a gas turbine; the combination of a rotor, a cylinder having a gas and air out- 5a let port and an opening for compressed air,

ducts from the outlet ports to the rotor, a cushion piston covering the air exhaust port and forming a lesser -chamber adjacent the `air inlet opening and a greater chamber at the other side, a projectile piston in the greater chamber adapted to be projected to- Sti Ward the cushion piston, simultaneously supercompressing the air in the greater and lesser chambers and displacing the cushion piston to relieve the pressure in the greater chamber, a valve in the cushion piston adapted thereupon to. `open and direct the supercompressed air in the lesser chamber against the projectile piston to perform the return strokavmeans for forming and :forci- .supercompress a charge of air for delivery,

bly injecting a charge ahead of the advancing projectile piston for compression, and a pressure controlled spark plugv adapted to form a spark When the compressed charge reaches a predetermined amount.

7 In a gas turbine; the combination of a rotor, a iuid generator cylinder having supercompressed air exhaust ports and a compressed air inlet opening at one end, a cushion pistion adapted to cover the air exhaust port and dividing the cylinder into greater and lesser chambers-cushion springs abutting the cushion piston and end of the cylinder, a valve in the air inlet for admitting compressed air to the lesser chamber, a' 80 valve in. the cushion piston for admitting air to the greater chamber, aprojectile piston in the greater chamber adapted to cover the gas exhaust port, a mixing tube communicating with the greater chamber ahead of the projectile piston, a pressurev controlled spark plug, and conduits connected with the exhaust ports and directed against the rotor.

8. In a gas turbine; the combination with a rotor, vanes on the rotor, a rotor casing, a fluid generating cylinder, a pump for delivering compressed air to the cylinder at one end, a charge forming device at the other end of the cylinder operated by the air from the pump, a pressure actuated spark plug for exploding va charge, a rojectile piston adapted to be projecte to conduits for receiving the-Jsupercompressed air, a' conduit for receiving the exploded gases, a cushion piston for supercompressing a charge of air as the projectile piston is projected, a valve in the cushion piston adapted to subsequently open and return the i projectile piston, and divergent ducts communicating with the conduits and the rotor casmg.

9,. In a gas turbine; the combination With a rotor, vanes on the rotor, a rotor casing, a fluid generating cylinder, a pump for delivering compressed air to the cylinder at one end, a charge forming device at the other end of the cylinder operated by the air from the pump, a pressure actuated 115 spark plug for exploding a charge, aprojectile piston adapted to be projected to supercompress a charge of air `for delivery, conduits for receiving-the supercompreed air, a conduit for receiving the exploded gases, a cushion for supercompressing a charge of air as the projectile piston is proj ect ed, a valve in the cushion piston adapted to subsequently open and return the projectile piston, divergentducts communicat ing With the conduits and the rotor casing, and a gate valve for directing the combined fluids into one or the other of the divergent ducts.

10. In a gas turbine; thecombination of 13G a working cylinder, a piston operable within the cylinder, an air compressor, a mixing tube that communicates with the explosion end of the working cylinder and receives air from the compressor, a fuel tank associated with the mixing tube, a governor controlled needle `valve between the fuel tank and the tube and a valve at the entrance of the mixing tube to the explosion chamber adapted to open as'the piston traverses a part of its compression stroke.

11. 1n a gas turbine, the combination of a working cylinder, a working piston within the cylinder, an air compressor, a mixing tube communicating with the explosion chamber and receiving air from the compressor, a gasolene chest associated with the mixing tube, a needle valve therebetween, a valve at the entrance of the mixing tube into the explosion chamber adapted to open v as the piston traverses a part of its compression stroke, and a pressure reducing valve in the mixing tube.

12. ln a' gas turbine; the combination of a working cylinder, a working piston within the cylinder, an air compressor, a mixing tube communicating with the explosion chamber and receiving air from the compressor, a gasolene chest associated with the mixing tube, a needle valve therebetween, a priming cylinder communicating with the explosion chamber, a priming piston therein, the piston having a rod passing through the gasolene chest, and means on the rod associated with the needle Valve for opening the valve as the priming piston performs a compression stroke.

13. ln a gas turbine; the combination of a working cylinder, a working piston operable therein, an air compressor, a mixing tube communicating with the explosion chamber and receiving air from the oompressor, a gasolene chest associated with the mixing tube, a needle valve therebetween, a priming cylinder communicatingwith the explosion chamber, a priming piston therein, the piston having a rod passing through the gasolene chest, and means on the rod associated with the needle valve for closing the valve as the priming piston performs a suction stroke.

14. ln a gas turbine; .the combination with a working cylinder and piston, an air compressor, a mixing tube communicating with the explosion chamber and receiving air from the compressor, a gasolene chest associated with the mixing tube2 a needle valve therebetween, a priming cyllnder communicating with the explosion chamber, a priming piston therein, the piston having a rod passing through the gasolene chest, a wedge on the rod associated with the needle valve for regulating the valve as the priming piston is moved, and a governor for movlng the priming piston.

amaca? I y lating the pressure of the air, a gasolene v chest associated with the mixing tube, a needle valve therebetween, a gasolene reservoir having communication with the gasolene chest, and a pressure pipe between the mixing tube and the top of the iuid in the reservoir.

16. ln a gas turbine; the combination with the motive fluid generator having an explosion chamber, a projectile piston adapted to perform a compression stroke, a mixing tube adapted to inject a compressed charge into the explosion cylinder as the piston traverses a portion of its stroke, a spark plug including electrodes within the explosion chamber and separated electric terminals outside the explosion chamber, a spring for holding the terminals separated, said spring being adapted to yield as the pressure 1n the explosion chamber increases to within the cylinder that divides the cylinder into an explosion chamber at one end and an air compressing chamber at the other end, a yieldable abutment in the air compressor chamber that normally closes the air exhaust port, the said working piston normally closing the gas exhaust port, and means for causing explosion in the explosion chamber whereby to compress an air charge and e'ect the opening of the air and gas exhausts, and a duct for conveying the exploded and compressed Huid charges to the rotor. l

18. In a gas turbine; the combination with a rotor, of a working cylinder having normally closed air and gas inlet ports and air and gas outlet ports a working piston within the cylinder that divides the cylinder into anexplosion chamber at one end and an air compressing chamber at the other end, a yieldable abutment in the air compressor chamber that normally closes the air exhaust port, the said working piston normally closfluid charges to engage the rotor om oppo- `site directions.

19. lln a gasturbine, the combination with a rotor; a duid generator Cylinder having Lamour ber and simultaneously shifting the yieldingpartition and opening the air and gas ports, and a duct for conveying the exploded gas and compressed air charges against the r'otor.

20. In a gas turbine, the combination with a rotor that includes radial vanes and a casing; of a yfluid generator comprising a work-4 ing cylinder having an air compressing chamber at one end and an explosion chamber at the other end, an air pump in communication with the said air compressing chamber, a gaseous charge forming device in con` nection with the explosion end of the cylinder, a pressure actuated sparking device for exploding the gaseous charges, a working piston in the cylinder between the explosion and air compression chambers, said piston being arranged to be projected to supercompress the charged air in the compression chamber, a conduit for receiving the exploded gases, a cushion member in the cylinder, a valve in the said cushion member adapted to open at redetermined times, to open the compresse air charge against the Awith the motive fluid Vgeneratin working piston to thereby return it to its gas exhaust port closing position. l

21. ln a gas turbine; the combination with the motive fluid-generatin cylinder,

a projectile piston at one end o an explosion chamber therebetween, an air compressor, a mixin tube communicating with the explosion c amber and receiving air from the compressor, a gasolene chest associated with the mixing tube, a needle valve therebetween, a valve at .the entrance of the mixing tube into the explosion chamber adapted to open as the projectile piston `traverses a part of its compression stroke,

and means associated with the generator cylin'der engageable by the piston to open th'pressure reducing valve upon failure of compression.

22. ln a gas turbine, the combination cylinder, a projectile piston at one end o an explosion chamber therebetween, an air compressor, a mixing tube communicating with the explosion chamber and receiving air from the compressor, a gasolene chest assor cated with the mixing tube, a needle valve therebetween, a valve at the entrance of the mixing tube into the explosion chamber adapted to open as the projectile piston traverses a part of vits compression stroke, and means associated with the generator cyl? inder engageable by the piston to ope'n the pressure reducing valve upon failure of compression, said means including rod and eccentric devices associated with the pressure reducing valve.

lRA LEON SLAWTER. 

